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When we learn in Tanya that Yemos Hamoshiach—the Days of Moshiach, the Messianic Era—as “the ultimate purpose and perfection…for which [this world] was created in the first place”, we recognize that we have an obligation to clarify for ourselves what exactly goes on in those days. What is the relationship of Yemos Hamoshiach to the coming of Moshiach and the Geulah. The same thing with different names, or different matters entirely? As we examine this subject a little closer, we will probably be surprised to find that we hold some misconceptions about these terms.
The Rebbe often emphasizes that there is only one halachic source which rules about Moshiach—the Rambam in his Mishnah Torah, the final section containing the Laws of Kings and Melech Hamoshiach. As the Rebbe points out, none of the commentators on the Rambam challenge any of the rulings there, which means that they are universally accepted and therefore they are halacha lema’aseh (laws with practical application).
In those laws, the Rambam describes the events of the period following the rise to power of a king from the House of David, who is Moshiach. These laws are defining for us Yemos Hamoshiach—the days of Moshiach. The Rambam states that in this period of time, one should not expect to witness anything miraculous, such as the prophecy of wolf and lamb dwelling together in a literal fashion, but rather “olam k’minhago noheg”—the world will conduct itself in its natural manner.3 This is based on the statement of our sages that “there is no difference between this world and the days of Moshiach other than [the end of] servitude to the [gentile] kingdoms.”
The Rebbe points out, however, that the Rambam himself writes in his Igeres Teimon that it is possible that there will be miracles and wonders at this time, and that the prophecies may indeed be fulfilled literally. Says the Rebbe “Igeres Teimon is true…it is a certainty that the Rambam holds that in the time of Moshiach Tzidkeinu there will be signs and indications—wonders.” It seems strange that the Rambam would contradict his own halachic ruling.
The Rebbe resolves this seeming contradiction by explaining that in fact Yemos Hamoshiach are divided into two tekufos, two distinct periods: a) the beginning of Yemos Hamoshiach, when “there is no difference from this world besides servitude to the nations alone”; and b) a period following this when the natural conduct of the world will be nullified and instead the conduct of the world will be in a way of wonders.
A simple question arises: are the days of Moshiach the period that begins after Moshiach comes, or is the period that leads up to the coming of Moshiach? The question is made stronger by the fact that the Rebbe said that “we are found now” in Yemos Hamoshiach, yet in subsequent sichos the Rebbe speaks of actions which “bring closer the coming of Moshiach”.
When speaking about the time that “Moshiach comes”, one can be making a reference to two very distinct instances. For we must recall that Moshiach must, according to the Rambam, accomplish a series of tasks, beginning with compelling all of Israel to live according to Torah, fighting the wars of Hashem, building the Beis Hamikdash, and gathering the exiles. It is self-understood that the first thing is that Moshiach must come (“a King arises from the House of Dovid”) and only then we can begin to speak about Yemos Hamoshiach. Then, only after the Moshiach has accomplished all of these things, do we actually experience the revelations of Moshiach, which is in fact referred to as “the coming of Moshiach”.
This matter is explained in the “famous letter” of the Rebbe Rashab in which it is explained how all the sources (both nigleh and nistar, from the Rambam to the Zohar) follow the same sequence—first Moshiach comes, then he builds the Beis Hamikdash, then he gathers in the exiles—but in the maamor in Siddur the Alter Rebbe writes “that the ingathering of the exiles will be before the coming of Moshiach.” Explains the Rebbe Rashab:
This means that the revelations of Moshiach down below will be after the ingathering of the exiles…that after they will be gathered by him then he can be a king over them…and then will be the revelations of Moshiach.
In other words, there is a “coming of Moshiach” at the beginning of Yemos Hamoshiach and there is a “coming of Moshiach” at the culmination of Yemos Hamoshiach. This enables us to understand how the Rebbe could refer to “in our days—Yemos Hamoshiach—in which we find ourselves now” and one month later devote the better part of an entire sicha11 to the concept of “bringing Yemos Hamoshiach”. Having drawn this distinction, we will now proceed to examine Yemos Hamoshiach in more detail.[To read the rest, please download the PDF]
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March 10, 2014 at 5:56 pm
Tzav 5751: Moshe ish HaElokim has the Power to bring Geulah | Dvar Malchus in English
[…] [The Rebbe mentions in footnote 143 that in the Rambam’s Laws of Moshiach there are two distinct periods in the Messianic era (Yemos Hamoshiach): the first, where there will not be any change in nature other than subjugation to the nations alone (the revelation of Elokim, whose numeric value equals “the nature”), and the second period miracles above nature (YKVK). This is explained at length in the Hadaran on the Rambam of 5751, and also Inyonei Moshiach and Geulah #8. […]
March 26, 2014 at 10:51 pm
Shemini 5751: Unifying the Limited and the Unlimited | Dvar Malchus in English
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March 17, 2018 at 9:08 pm
Tzav 5751: Moshe ish HaElokim has the Power to bring Geulah – Dvar Malchus in English
[…] [The Rebbe mentions in footnote 143 that in the Rambam’s Laws of Moshiach there are two distinct periods in the Messianic era (Yemos Hamoshiach): the first, where there will not be any change in nature other than subjugation to the nations alone (the revelation of Elokim, whose numeric value equals “the nature”), and the second period miracles above nature (YKVK). This is explained at length in the Hadaran on the Rambam of 5751, and also Inyonei Moshiach and Geulah #8. […]
April 8, 2018 at 9:42 pm
Shemini 5751: Unifying the Limited and the Unlimited – Dvar Malchus in English
[…] This is similar to statement of our Sages: “everyone who fulfills the Torah amidst poverty will in the end fulfill it amidst wealth.” Via the poverty of exile, “there is no one who is poor except in knowledge” (“ein oni ela b’da’as”), we receive the true wealth of knowledge and wealth in the simple sense—in the true and complete Geulah. This is especially since we have already fulfilled any obligations to endure the limitation of “poverty” (in the previous generations) [meaning—primarily—poverty of knowledge]. Now there is freedom and abundance (“harchava”) in a simple sense from the kingship of the nations. [The Rebbe is making a thinly veiled reference to the Messianic Era (Yemos Hamoshiach) of which the sages say “there is no difference between this world and the Messianic Era besides servitude to the nations”. This refers to the first epoch of the Messianic Era, followed by a second epoch of even greater G-dly revelations. For more explanation, see Inyonei Moshiach and Geulah #8.] […]
March 23, 2019 at 9:26 pm
Shemini 5751: Unifying the Limited and the Unlimited – Dvar Malchus 770
[…] This is similar to statement of our Sages: “everyone who fulfills the Torah amidst poverty will in the end fulfill it amidst wealth.” Via the poverty of exile, “there is no one who is poor except in knowledge” (“ein oni ela b’da’as”), we receive the true wealth of knowledge and wealth in the simple sense — in the true and complete Geulah. This is especially since we have already fulfilled any obligations to endure the limitation of “poverty” (in the previous generations) [meaning — primarily — poverty of knowledge]. Now there is freedom and abundance (“harchava”) in a simple sense from the kingship of the nations. [The Rebbe is making a thinly veiled reference to the Messianic Era (Yemos Hamoshiach) of which the sages say “there is no difference between this world and the Messianic Era besides servitude to the nations”. This refers to the first epoch of the Messianic Era, followed by a second epoch of even greater G-dly revelations. For more explanation, see Inyonei Moshiach and Geulah #8.] […]
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